Not needed for project.
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The Industrial Revolution Timeline
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The Ottoman Empire TImeline
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MUSTAFA II (1695-1703)
1697 - As Austrian troops push into the Ottoman territory in Hungary, the Turks are defeated at Zenta. To keep peace, the Turks give up much of their land in that region.
1699 - Treaty of Karlowitz: The Turks surrender Hungary, Transylvania, Croatia, and Slovenia to the Hapsburgs, Morea in Greece to the Venetian Republic, and Moldavia to Poland.
1700 - Treaty of Constantinople: Ottoman Turks surrender Azov to the Russians.
1703 - Due to the great losses under his rule, Mustafa II is forced to abdicate and his brother, Ahmed III, replaces him.
1699 - Treaty of Karlowitz: The Turks surrender Hungary, Transylvania, Croatia, and Slovenia to the Hapsburgs, Morea in Greece to the Venetian Republic, and Moldavia to Poland.
1700 - Treaty of Constantinople: Ottoman Turks surrender Azov to the Russians.
1703 - Due to the great losses under his rule, Mustafa II is forced to abdicate and his brother, Ahmed III, replaces him.
AHMED III (1703-1730)
1708 - Jethro Tull's mechanical seed sower permits large-scale planting in rows for easier cultivation between the rows of crops.
1709 - Abraham Darby introduced coke smelting to smelt iron with coke instead of charcoal.
1712 - Thomas Newcomen develops the first commercially successful steam engine known as the Atmospheric Steam Engine. Although it is not exceedingly useful yet, the idea of using steam to power engines will be significant in the development of the Industrial Revolution.
1715 - Ottoman Turks attack Morea in Greece, recapturing it from Venice, a violation of the Peace Treaty of Carlowitz, leading to a new war with Austria.
1717 - Austria captures Belgrade from the Ottomans.
1718 - Treaty of Passarowitz: Peace between the Ottomans and Austria is reached. The Turks are allowed to keep Morea, but they lose all of Hungary.
1730 - Revolt of Patrona Halil: The defeats in a war against Persia lead to the revolt of the Janissaries, resulting in the dethronement of Ahmet III.
1730 - The seed drill is invented by Jethro Tull. This freed labour from the fields and lowered crop prices. This was a critical point of the agricultural revolution.
1709 - Abraham Darby introduced coke smelting to smelt iron with coke instead of charcoal.
1712 - Thomas Newcomen develops the first commercially successful steam engine known as the Atmospheric Steam Engine. Although it is not exceedingly useful yet, the idea of using steam to power engines will be significant in the development of the Industrial Revolution.
1715 - Ottoman Turks attack Morea in Greece, recapturing it from Venice, a violation of the Peace Treaty of Carlowitz, leading to a new war with Austria.
1717 - Austria captures Belgrade from the Ottomans.
1718 - Treaty of Passarowitz: Peace between the Ottomans and Austria is reached. The Turks are allowed to keep Morea, but they lose all of Hungary.
1730 - Revolt of Patrona Halil: The defeats in a war against Persia lead to the revolt of the Janissaries, resulting in the dethronement of Ahmet III.
1730 - The seed drill is invented by Jethro Tull. This freed labour from the fields and lowered crop prices. This was a critical point of the agricultural revolution.
MAHMUD I (1730-1754)
1733 - John Kay develops the flying shuttle which weaves yarn mechanically rather than by hand, allowing weavers to weave faster.
1739 - Treaty of Belgrade is signed.
1742 - The first cotton mills open in England.
1754 (December 13) - Mahmud I dies.
1739 - Treaty of Belgrade is signed.
1742 - The first cotton mills open in England.
1754 (December 13) - Mahmud I dies.
OSMAN III (1754-1757)
MUSTAFA III (1757-1774)
1759 - The first Canal Act is passed by the British Parliament; this leads to the construction of a national network of inland waterways for transport and industrial supplies.
1764 - James Hargreaves is credited to have invented the spinning jenny. This machine greatly accelerates cotton spinning; making it easier and faster to make cloth.
1768 - Russo-Turkish War begins because of a border incident at Balta, in the southern Ukraine.
1769 - Richard Arkwright patents his water frame - a spinning machine powered by water.
1769 - James Watt designs a more efficient steam engine than the Newcomen that allowed steam to be converted. (Steam engines in the Revolution would power the first trains, steamboats, and factories.)
1771 - Richard Arkwright opens a water-powered mill in Cromford, England.
1774 - Matthew Boulton and Jame Watt open a steam-engine factory in Birmingham, England.
1774 - Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca ends the Russo-Turkish War.
1764 - James Hargreaves is credited to have invented the spinning jenny. This machine greatly accelerates cotton spinning; making it easier and faster to make cloth.
1768 - Russo-Turkish War begins because of a border incident at Balta, in the southern Ukraine.
1769 - Richard Arkwright patents his water frame - a spinning machine powered by water.
1769 - James Watt designs a more efficient steam engine than the Newcomen that allowed steam to be converted. (Steam engines in the Revolution would power the first trains, steamboats, and factories.)
1771 - Richard Arkwright opens a water-powered mill in Cromford, England.
1774 - Matthew Boulton and Jame Watt open a steam-engine factory in Birmingham, England.
1774 - Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca ends the Russo-Turkish War.
ABDÜLHAMID I (1774-1789)
1779 - Samuel Crompton perfects the spinning mule.
1779 - The first steam powered mills are erected.
1781 - Jame Watt invents a rotary motion device for his steam engine.
1785 - Watt's steam engine is first used to power a cotton mill.
1779 - The first steam powered mills are erected.
1781 - Jame Watt invents a rotary motion device for his steam engine.
1785 - Watt's steam engine is first used to power a cotton mill.
SELIM III (1789-1807)
1794 - Eli Whitney invents a cotton gin that separates cotton seeds from cotton fiber, quickening the production of clean raw cotton.
1801 - Richard Trevithick builds a steam carriage.
1807 - Robert Fulton begins steamboat service on the Hudson River.
1807 (May) - Kabakçi Rebellion results in the dethronement of the reformist sultan Selim III.
1801 - Richard Trevithick builds a steam carriage.
1807 - Robert Fulton begins steamboat service on the Hudson River.
1807 (May) - Kabakçi Rebellion results in the dethronement of the reformist sultan Selim III.
MUSTAFA IV (1807-1808)
1808 - Alemdar Mustafa Pasha suppresses the Kabakçi rebellion. Mahmut II succeeds Selim III as the new Sultan after the latter's demise.
MAHMUD II (1808-1839)
1813 (April 23) - Second Serbian Uprising.
1821 - Beginning of the Greek War of Independence. Greece revolts against the Ottomans, resulting in the massacre of several thousand Muslims.
1827 - Greece eventually gains help from Britain, France, and Russia who supports Greek independence, and they defeat the Turkish and Egyptian fleets at Navarino.
1828 - Greece wins independence.
1830 - George Stephenson begins rail service between Liverpool and London.
1830 - Algeria is conquered by the French and surrenders to French rule.
1832 - Greek sovereignty/independence is officially established as a result of the Greek War of Independence.
1833 - The first effective Factory Act was passed in Britain, regulating child labour in cotton mills.
1831-1833 - Egyptian-Ottoman War.
1832-1833 - First Turko-Egyptian War.
1821 - Beginning of the Greek War of Independence. Greece revolts against the Ottomans, resulting in the massacre of several thousand Muslims.
1827 - Greece eventually gains help from Britain, France, and Russia who supports Greek independence, and they defeat the Turkish and Egyptian fleets at Navarino.
1828 - Greece wins independence.
1830 - George Stephenson begins rail service between Liverpool and London.
1830 - Algeria is conquered by the French and surrenders to French rule.
1832 - Greek sovereignty/independence is officially established as a result of the Greek War of Independence.
1833 - The first effective Factory Act was passed in Britain, regulating child labour in cotton mills.
1831-1833 - Egyptian-Ottoman War.
1832-1833 - First Turko-Egyptian War.
ABDÜLMECID I (1839-1861)
1840 - Samuel Cunard begins transatlantic steamship service.
1842 - The Coal Mines Act prevented women and children from working in harsh conditions in mines.
1844 - Samual Morse invents the telegraph, which allows for messages to be sent quickly over a wire. (By 1860, 16 years later, telegraph wires stretch from the east coast of the US west of the Mississippi River).
1846 - Elias Howe invents the sewing machine. Now clothes can be made in large factories and don't need to be sewn by hand.
1853 - Elisha Otis invents a safety break to prevent elevator cars from falling (if a cable were to break).
1853 (October 4) - Crimean War: The Ottoman sultan declares war on Russia.
1854 - British and French support enter the war on the Turkish side.
1855 (January) - The Bessemer Method for processing steel is invented by Henry Bessemer. This is a process for making steel out of iron, a way for steel to be produced more quickly. This helps the production of buildings (and lets the establishment of these constructions cost less) and leads to the growth of cities.
1856 - The Crimean War ends with Ottoman victory.
1842 - The Coal Mines Act prevented women and children from working in harsh conditions in mines.
1844 - Samual Morse invents the telegraph, which allows for messages to be sent quickly over a wire. (By 1860, 16 years later, telegraph wires stretch from the east coast of the US west of the Mississippi River).
1846 - Elias Howe invents the sewing machine. Now clothes can be made in large factories and don't need to be sewn by hand.
1853 - Elisha Otis invents a safety break to prevent elevator cars from falling (if a cable were to break).
1853 (October 4) - Crimean War: The Ottoman sultan declares war on Russia.
1854 - British and French support enter the war on the Turkish side.
1855 (January) - The Bessemer Method for processing steel is invented by Henry Bessemer. This is a process for making steel out of iron, a way for steel to be produced more quickly. This helps the production of buildings (and lets the establishment of these constructions cost less) and leads to the growth of cities.
1856 - The Crimean War ends with Ottoman victory.
ABDÜLAZIZ (1861-1876)
1866 - Alfred Nobel invents dynamite, a safer way to blast holes in mountains or the ground than simply lighting black powder. Dynamite is important in clearing paths to build things such as roads and railroad tracks.
1866 - The Siemens brothers improve steelmaking by developing the open hearth furnace.
1876 (March) - Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone. Being able to speak to people over a telephone wire greatly changes the way the world communicates.
1866 - The Siemens brothers improve steelmaking by developing the open hearth furnace.
1876 (March) - Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone. Being able to speak to people over a telephone wire greatly changes the way the world communicates.
MURAD V (1876)
ABDÜLHAMID II / ABDUL HAMIT II (1876-1909)
1876 - Constantinople Conference: Abdul Hamit II tries to instill reforms into the empire, including adding a constitution and a parliament. These reforms fail, however.
1877 (April 24) - Russo-Turkish War begins. The Ottomans give independence to Romania, Serbia and Montenegro.
1878 - The Congress of Berlin acknowledges the independence of Serbia, Romania, and Bulgaria.
1879 (October) - Thomas Edison creates a light bulb that lasts longer than any other light bulb designs. His long-lasting light bulbs allow people to do many things at night productively that used to only be reserved for during the day.
1881 - Tunisia is converted to a French colony.
1882 - Egypt lives under British protection.
1903 (December) - Orville and Wilbur Write invent the first powered airplane flight (the first plane that is not powered by wind). The Write brothers make the first successful powered airplane flight - Orville flies the plane for 12 seconds over a beach in North Carolina.
1908 (October 5) - Bulgaria obtains full independence.
1877 (April 24) - Russo-Turkish War begins. The Ottomans give independence to Romania, Serbia and Montenegro.
1878 - The Congress of Berlin acknowledges the independence of Serbia, Romania, and Bulgaria.
1879 (October) - Thomas Edison creates a light bulb that lasts longer than any other light bulb designs. His long-lasting light bulbs allow people to do many things at night productively that used to only be reserved for during the day.
1881 - Tunisia is converted to a French colony.
1882 - Egypt lives under British protection.
1903 (December) - Orville and Wilbur Write invent the first powered airplane flight (the first plane that is not powered by wind). The Write brothers make the first successful powered airplane flight - Orville flies the plane for 12 seconds over a beach in North Carolina.
1908 (October 5) - Bulgaria obtains full independence.
MEHMED V (1909-1918)
1912 - Italo-Turkish War: The Ottoman Empire is quickly brought to an end by Italy defeating the Ottomans and gaining Libya.
1912 - The first Balkan War: most of Thrace is taken from the Ottomans.
1913 - Save for Istanbul and a small surrounding area, the Ottoman Empire is nearly completely erased from the political map of Europe.
1914 (August 2) - The Ottomans enter World War I on the side of the Central Powers. Germany and the Ottomans sign a secret treaty of alliance.
1914 (November 2) - Russia declares war on the Ottoman Empire.
1914 (November 5) - Britain and France declare war on the Ottoman Empire.
1914 - The Ottomans are defeated by the Russians at Sarikam.
1912 - The first Balkan War: most of Thrace is taken from the Ottomans.
1913 - Save for Istanbul and a small surrounding area, the Ottoman Empire is nearly completely erased from the political map of Europe.
1914 (August 2) - The Ottomans enter World War I on the side of the Central Powers. Germany and the Ottomans sign a secret treaty of alliance.
1914 (November 2) - Russia declares war on the Ottoman Empire.
1914 (November 5) - Britain and France declare war on the Ottoman Empire.
1914 - The Ottomans are defeated by the Russians at Sarikam.
What we achieve inwardly will change outer reality.
- Plutarch